flask Analytical Chemistry
Analytical chemistry is how we know what's in a sample and how much. From classic titrations to Beer–Lambert spectrophotometry to chromatography, learn the techniques behind quality control, forensics, and environmental testing.
What you will learn
- Distinguish accuracy and precision
- Perform titration calculations
- Apply the Beer–Lambert law
- Explain chromatography
- Evaluate measurement uncertainty
High School concepts
Accuracy vs Precision: What's the Difference in Chemistry?
Learn the difference between accuracy and precision in chemistry measurements, with the classic target model, systematic vs random error, and percent error calculations.
Introduction to Chromatography: Separating Mixtures
Learn how chromatography separates mixtures using stationary and mobile phases, from paper chromatography and Rf values to TLC, column, and gas chromatography.
Spectrophotometry: Measuring Concentration with Light
How spectrophotometers measure absorbance and transmittance to determine concentration, from cuvettes and wavelength selection to calibration curves.
Titration Analysis: How to Find an Unknown Concentration
Master titration analysis: burette technique, equivalence point vs endpoint, indicators, and step-by-step concentration calculations with a worked example.
Introductory College concepts
Beer-Lambert Law: A = εbc Explained with Examples
The Beer-Lambert law explained: absorbance equals molar absorptivity times path length times concentration, with a worked calculation and real limitations.
Measurement Uncertainty in Chemistry: A Practical Guide
Understand absolute and relative uncertainty, how uncertainty propagates through calculations, and how to report results with honest precision.