Chemical Elements
Every element with verified properties, electron configuration, occurrence and uses. Start from the interactive periodic table.
1. Hydrogen (H)
The lightest and most abundant element in the universe: a colorless gas that fuels the stars and builds water, acids, and every living molecule.
2. Helium (He)
A completely inert noble gas with a full electron shell; it cools MRI magnets to near absolute zero and lifts balloons without ever reacting.
3. Lithium (Li)
The lightest of all metals — soft enough to slice with a knife — whose ions power rechargeable batteries and steady human moods.
4. Beryllium (Be)
A rare, steel-gray metal that is stiff, light, and transparent to X-rays — but its dust is seriously toxic.
5. Boron (B)
A hard metalloid that strengthens glass against heat shock, cleans in borax, feeds plants in traces, and dopes silicon chips.
6. Carbon (C)
The backbone of all known life and the king of allotropes: diamond, graphite, and graphene are all pure carbon.
7. Nitrogen (N)
The silent majority of air — 78 percent nitrogen — locked in an ultra-strong triple bond, yet essential to proteins, DNA, and fertilizers.
8. Oxygen (O)
The breath of life: 21 percent of air, the driver of fire and rust, and the most abundant element in Earth's crust by mass.
9. Fluorine (F)
The most reactive and electronegative element of all — a pale yellow gas, tamed into toothpaste, Teflon, and refrigerants.
10. Neon (Ne)
The brilliant orange-red glow of city signs — a perfectly inert noble gas that will not bond with anything.
11. Sodium (Na)
A soft metal that bursts into flame in water, yet joined with chlorine it becomes ordinary table salt — vital to nerves and life.
12. Magnesium (Mg)
A light metal that burns with a blinding white flame — the green heart of chlorophyll and the backbone of lightweight alloys.
13. Aluminium (Al)
Earth's most abundant metal — light, rust-proof, and endlessly recyclable, from aircraft wings to the can in your hand.
14. Silicon (Si)
The second most abundant element in Earth's crust and the foundation of the digital age — every chip begins as sand.
15. Phosphorus (P)
The element of matches, fertilizer, and DNA — white phosphorus glows eerily and bursts into flame in air.
16. Sulfur (S)
The yellow element of volcanoes and rotten eggs — vital to proteins and the feedstock of the world's top industrial chemical.
17. Chlorine (Cl)
A sharp greenish gas that guards the world's drinking water — and with sodium becomes the salt on every table.
18. Argon (Ar)
The lazy giant of the air — nearly one percent of every breath, filling light bulbs and welders' torches, reacting with nothing.
19. Potassium (K)
A soft, silvery alkali metal that reacts violently with water and is essential for nerve impulses and plant growth.
20. Calcium (Ca)
A reactive alkaline earth metal that builds bones, teeth, limestone, and cement; abundant in Earth's crust and oceans.
21. Scandium (Sc)
A light, silvery transition metal added to aluminium alloys for high-performance sports equipment and aerospace parts.
22. Titanium (Ti)
A strong, lightweight, corrosion-resistant transition metal used in aircraft, implants, and pigments.
23. Vanadium (V)
A hard, silvery transition metal whose colorful compounds harden steel and enable high-capacity flow batteries.
24. Chromium (Cr)
A shiny transition metal famous for chrome plating, stainless steel, and its unusual [Ar] 3d5 4s1 electron configuration.
25. Manganese (Mn)
A hard, brittle transition metal essential for steel production, batteries, and enzymes in your body.
26. Iron (Fe)
The most common element on Earth by mass and the backbone of steel, blood, and civilization itself.
27. Cobalt (Co)
A hard, magnetic transition metal used in superalloys, lithium batteries, and the vitamin B12 molecule.
28. Nickel (Ni)
A corrosion-resistant transition metal in stainless steel, coins, rechargeable batteries, and Earth's core.
29. Copper (Cu)
A reddish transition metal prized since antiquity for wiring, plumbing, and coins — and an essential trace nutrient.
30. Zinc (Zn)
A bluish transition metal that protects steel from rust, makes brass, and powers enzymes in every cell of your body.
31. Gallium (Ga)
A post-transition metal that melts in your hand and powers LEDs, lasers, and smartphone chips.
32. Germanium (Ge)
A lustrous metalloid that launched the transistor age and still focuses infrared cameras and fiber optics.
33. Arsenic (As)
A notorious metalloid poison that is also a useful semiconductor dopant — valuable only in careful, controlled doses.
34. Selenium (Se)
A nonmetal whose conductivity rises in light — the basis of early photocopiers, solar cells, and an essential nutrient.
35. Bromine (Br)
One of only two elements liquid at room temperature — a fuming red-brown halogen used in flame retardants and photography.
36. Krypton (Kr)
A colorless noble gas used in high-performance lighting, lasers, and insulated windows.
37. Rubidium (Rb)
Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal that reacts violently with water and ignites spontaneously in air.
38. Strontium (Sr)
Strontium is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal whose compounds burn with an intense crimson-red flame.
39. Yttrium (Y)
Yttrium is a silvery transition metal used in red phosphors, lasers, and high-temperature superconductors.
40. Zirconium (Zr)
Zirconium is a strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal used to clad nuclear fuel and make ceramic materials.
41. Niobium (Nb)
Niobium is a soft, ductile transition metal prized for superconducting magnets and high-strength steels.
42. Molybdenum (Mo)
Molybdenum is a hard, silvery transition metal with an extremely high melting point, used to strengthen steel.
43. Technetium (Tc)
Technetium is a radioactive transition metal — the first element ever produced artificially — used in medical imaging.
44. Ruthenium (Ru)
Ruthenium is a rare, hard platinum-group metal used in electrical contacts, catalysts, and chip resistors.
45. Rhodium (Rh)
Rhodium is a rare, silvery-white precious metal best known for catalytic converters and reflective coatings.
46. Palladium (Pd)
Palladium is a soft, silvery precious metal used in catalytic converters, electronics, and hydrogen purification.
47. Silver (Ag)
Silver is a lustrous transition metal — the best electrical conductor of all elements — used in jewelry and electronics.
48. Cadmium (Cd)
Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white transition metal used in rechargeable batteries and pigments, but it is toxic.
49. Indium (In)
Indium is a soft post-transition metal whose transparent oxide coating makes modern touchscreens possible.
50. Tin (Sn)
Tin is a soft post-transition metal used in solder, food-can coatings, and bronze — known since the Bronze Age.
51. Antimony (Sb)
Antimony is a brittle metalloid used in flame retardants, lead hardening, and semiconductor materials.
52. Tellurium (Te)
Tellurium is a rare metalloid used in solar cells and thermoelectric devices, with a notorious garlic odor.
53. Iodine (I)
Iodine is a lustrous purple-black halogen that sublimes into violet vapor and is essential for thyroid function.
54. Xenon (Xe)
Xenon is a colorless noble gas used in bright arc lamps, medical anesthesia, and ion thrusters for spacecraft.
55. Cesium (Cs)
Cesium is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal and the most reactive of all stable metals. Its atoms define the international standard for the second.
56. Barium (Ba)
Barium is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal whose compounds color fireworks green and make X-ray images of the digestive tract possible.
57. Lanthanum (La)
Lanthanum is a soft, silvery lanthanide metal and the namesake of the lanthanide series, prized for high-quality camera and telescope lenses.
58. Cerium (Ce)
Cerium is the most abundant lanthanide — a silvery metal that sparks when struck, polishes glass, and is the only lanthanide with a stable +4 state in water.
59. Praseodymium (Pr)
Praseodymium is a soft, silvery lanthanide whose salts glow green — it was split from ‘didymium’ and now strengthens aircraft-grade magnesium alloys.
60. Neodymium (Nd)
Neodymium is the lanthanide behind the world's strongest permanent magnets — a silvery metal vital to headphones, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.
61. Promethium (Pm)
Promethium is a radioactive lanthanide so scarce in nature it is made in nuclear reactors — its steady glow once lit watch dials and powers nuclear batteries.
62. Samarium (Sm)
Samarium is a silvery lanthanide that forms magnets tough enough for jet engines — and a radioactive isotope of it treats bone cancer.
63. Europium (Eu)
Europium is the most reactive lanthanide, a soft metal whose red and blue phosphors light up screens, banknotes, and energy-saving lamps.
64. Gadolinium (Gd)
Gadolinium is a silvery lanthanide with the strongest neutron appetite of any element — it sharpens MRI scans and steadies nuclear reactors.
65. Terbium (Tb)
Terbium is a silvery lanthanide that glows brilliant green — its phosphors light fluorescent lamps and its alloys change shape in magnetic fields.
66. Dysprosium (Dy)
Dysprosium is a silvery lanthanide that keeps electric-vehicle motors magnetic at high temperatures — its name means ‘hard to get at’.
67. Holmium (Ho)
Holmium has the strongest magnetic strength of any element — a silvery lanthanide used in surgical lasers and the poles of the most powerful magnets.
68. Erbium (Er)
Erbium is a silvery-pink lanthanide that amplifies the internet — its ions boost signals in the fiber-optic cables carrying global data.
69. Thulium (Tm)
Thulium is the rarest stable lanthanide — a silvery metal used in portable X-ray units and high-efficiency lighting.
70. Ytterbium (Yb)
Ytterbium is a soft, silvery lanthanide at the heart of fiber lasers and the world's most precise atomic clocks.
71. Lutetium (Lu)
Lutetium is the densest and hardest lanthanide — a silvery metal whose detectors spot cancer in PET scans and whose isotopes treat it.
72. Hafnium (Hf)
Hafnium is a silvery transition metal that drinks up neutrons — it steadies nuclear reactors and insulates the transistors in modern chips.
73. Tantalum (Ta)
Tantalum is a dense, corrosion-proof metal — tiny tantalum capacitors power nearly every phone, and surgeons trust it inside the human body.
74. Tungsten (W)
Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals — a gray metal that lit a century of light bulbs and now cuts steel and targets X-rays.
75. Rhenium (Re)
Rhenium was the last stable element discovered — a silvery metal with one of the highest boiling points, forged into jet engine superalloys.
76. Osmium (Os)
Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element — a bluish metal so heavy that a liter of it weighs nearly twice as much as a liter of lead.
77. Iridium (Ir)
Iridium is the most corrosion-resistant metal known — its thin global layer marks the asteroid impact that ended the age of dinosaurs.
78. Platinum (Pt)
Platinum is a dense, silvery-white metal that cleans car exhaust, fights cancer as a drug, and outshines gold in jewelry.
79. Gold (Au)
Gold is the most malleable of all metals — a single gram can be beaten into a sheet covering a square meter, and it never tarnishes.
80. Mercury (Hg)
Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature — a silvery, highly toxic element once common in thermometers and still demanding respect.
81. Thallium (Tl)
Thallium is a soft, gray metal so toxic it was once called ‘the poisoner's poison’ — today it survives mainly in specialized infrared optics.
82. Lead (Pb)
Lead is a dense, soft metal that starts car engines and blocks X-rays — but its toxicity has pushed it out of paint, pipes, and petrol.
83. Bismuth (Bi)
Bismuth is a brittle, rainbow-tinged metal — the heaviest effectively stable element and the soothing ingredient in pink stomach remedies.
84. Polonium (Po)
Polonium is a rare, intensely radioactive metal discovered by Marie Curie — a microgram glows blue and is dangerous, so only specialists handle it.
85. Astatine (At)
Astatine is the rarest natural element on Earth — a radioactive halogen so scarce that less than a gram exists in the entire crust.
86. Radon (Rn)
Radon is a radioactive noble gas that seeps from soil into homes — invisible and odorless, it is a leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers.
87. Francium (Fr)
Francium is an extremely rare, intensely radioactive alkali metal. Every isotope decays within minutes.
88. Radium (Ra)
Radium is a silvery-white, highly radioactive alkaline earth metal once used in luminous paint.
89. Actinium (Ac)
Actinium is a silvery, intensely radioactive metal that glows blue in the dark from its own radioactivity.
90. Thorium (Th)
Thorium is a weakly radioactive silvery metal that can be bred into nuclear fuel.
91. Protactinium (Pa)
Protactinium is a rare, dense, highly radioactive actinide with almost no practical uses.
92. Uranium (U)
Uranium is a dense, weakly radioactive metal best known as fuel for nuclear reactors and weapons.
93. Neptunium (Np)
Neptunium is a silvery synthetic actinide, the first transuranium element ever made.
94. Plutonium (Pu)
Plutonium is a warm, silvery actinide used in nuclear weapons and deep-space power sources.
95. Americium (Am)
Americium is a synthetic actinide whose isotope americium-241 powers household smoke detectors.
96. Curium (Cm)
Curium is an intensely radioactive synthetic actinide that glows purple from its own radiation.
97. Berkelium (Bk)
Berkelium is a rare synthetic actinide used mainly as a target for making heavier elements.
98. Californium (Cf)
Californium is a powerful neutron emitter used to start up nuclear reactors and scan materials.
99. Einsteinium (Es)
Einsteinium is a synthetic actinide first found in the debris of the first hydrogen bomb test.
100. Fermium (Fm)
Fermium is the heaviest element that can be made by neutron bombardment; it exists only in trace amounts.
101. Mendelevium (Md)
Mendelevium was the first element made one atom at a time; it exists only in microscopic traces.
102. Nobelium (No)
Nobelium is a synthetic actinide whose discovery was disputed between three laboratories.
103. Lawrencium (Lr)
Lawrencium is the last actinide, a synthetic element made a few atoms at a time.
104. Rutherfordium (Rf)
Rutherfordium is the first transactinide element, made a few atoms at a time in accelerators.
105. Dubnium (Db)
Dubnium is a synthetic transactinide named after Dubna, Russia, where it was first reported.
106. Seaborgium (Sg)
Seaborgium is a synthetic transactinide named for Glenn Seaborg while he was still alive.
107. Bohrium (Bh)
Bohrium is a synthetic transactinide whose chemistry was probed with just a handful of atoms.
108. Hassium (Hs)
Hassium is a synthetic transactinide confirmed to form a volatile oxide like osmium does.
109. Meitnerium (Mt)
Meitnerium is a synthetic transactinide named for Lise Meitner, co-discoverer of nuclear fission.
110. Darmstadtium (Ds)
Darmstadtium is a synthetic transactinide named after Darmstadt, Germany, where it was created.
111. Roentgenium (Rg)
Roentgenium is a synthetic transactinide expected to behave like gold but far more reactive.
112. Copernicium (Cn)
Copernicium is a synthetic transactinide predicted to be a volatile metal, possibly even a gas-like liquid.
113. Nihonium (Nh)
Nihonium is the first element discovered in Asia, made a few atoms at a time in Japan.
114. Flerovium (Fl)
Flerovium is a synthetic transactinide near the predicted 'island of stability'.
115. Moscovium (Mc)
Moscovium is a synthetic transactinide made by fusing americium with calcium ions.
116. Livermorium (Lv)
Livermorium is a synthetic transactinide named after Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
117. Tennessine (Ts)
Tennessine is a synthetic superheavy halogen, among the heaviest elements ever made.
118. Oganesson (Og)
Oganesson is the heaviest element known, a synthetic 'noble gas' predicted to break noble-gas rules.