Chemistry Symbols
Gibbs free energy change
The change in Gibbs free energy determines spontaneity at constant temperature and pressur…
Enthalpy change
The change in enthalpy of a system at constant pressure, equal to the heat absorbed or rel…
Entropy change
The change in a system's entropy, measuring how energy and matter disperse. ΔS > 0 means m…
Electron configuration notation
Orbital occupancy notation: the number before the letter is the principal quantum number n…
Equilibrium arrow
The equilibrium arrow (a pair of harpoons) indicates that a reaction is at dynamic equilib…
Acid dissociation constant
The acid dissociation constant for HA ⇌ H+ + A− is K_a = [H+][A−]/[HA]. A larger K_a means…
Base dissociation constant
The base dissociation constant describes weak-base protonation, e.g. B + H₂O ⇌ BH+ + OH−. …
Equilibrium constant (concentration)
The equilibrium constant expressed in terms of molar concentrations: the product of produc…
Molarity (unit symbol)
The capital letter M is the unit symbol for molarity: mol/L. A solution labeled 0.50 M con…
Amount of substance
The quantity symbol n denotes amount of substance in moles in chemical equations and formu…
Oxidation state notation
The oxidation state is the hypothetical charge an atom would have if all its bonds were io…
pH
pH is defined as −log₁₀[H+], the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen-ion activity (…
Reaction arrow
The reaction arrow separates reactants (left) from products (right) and is read as 'yields…
Reversible reaction arrow
The reversible arrow shows that a reaction can proceed in both the forward and reverse dir…