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Chemistry Calculators

No black boxes. Each calculator solves for any variable, converts units, validates inputs and shows the full step-by-step working.

flask Acids & Bases

🧮 Buffer pH Calculator — Henderson–Hasselbalch

pH=pKa+log⁡10[A−][HA]pH = pK_a + \log_{10}\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}

Estimate buffer pH from pKa and the base-to-acid concentration ratio.…

🧮 Hydrogen & Hydroxide Ion Calculator from pH

[H+]=10−pH,[OH−]=Kw[H+][H^+] = 10^{-pH},\quad [OH^-] = \frac{K_w}{[H^+]}

Find both [H⁺] and [OH⁻] in water from pH using the water ion product.…

🧮 Ka ↔ Kb Converter — Ka·Kb = Kw

KaKb=KwK_a K_b = K_w

Convert between the acid and base dissociation constants of a conjugate pair.…

🧮 pH Calculator — pH = −log[H⁺]

pH=−log⁡10[H+]pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]

Convert between pH and hydrogen-ion concentration for aqueous solutions.…

🧮 pOH Calculator — pOH = −log[OH⁻]

pOH=−log⁡10[OH−]pOH = -\log_{10}[OH^-]

Convert between pOH and hydroxide-ion concentration for aqueous solutions.…

🧮 Titration Equivalence Calculator — MₐVₐ = M_bV_b

MaVa=MbVbM_aV_a = M_bV_b

Find the unknown concentration or volume at the equivalence point of a 1:1 titration.…

flask Atomic Structure

🧮 Average Atomic Mass Calculator

Aˉ=f1m1+f2m2\bar{A} = f_1 m_1 + f_2 m_2

Compute the weighted average atomic mass from isotopic masses and fractional abundances.…

🧮 Isotope Abundance Calculator

%1=Aˉ−m2m1−m2×100\%_1 = \frac{\bar{A} - m_2}{m_1 - m_2} \times 100

Find the percent abundance of an isotope from the average atomic mass (two-isotope system).…

flask Redox & Electrochemistry

🧮 Cell Potential Calculator — E°cell = E°cathode − E°anode

Ecell∘=Ecathode∘−Eanode∘E^\circ_{cell} = E^\circ_{cathode} - E^\circ_{anode}

Find the standard cell potential from the two half-cell reduction potentials.…

🧮 Electrolysis Calculator — Faraday's Laws

m=ItMnFm = \frac{ItM}{nF}

Find the mass deposited or liberated from current, time, and electrons per ion.…

🧮 Nernst Equation Calculator — E = E° − (0.0592/n)logQ

E=E∘−0.0592nlog⁡10QE = E^\circ - \frac{0.0592}{n}\log_{10}Q

Find the nonstandard cell potential at 25 °C from E°, electrons transferred, and Q.…

flask Chemical Equilibrium

🧮 Equilibrium Constant Calculator — Kc

Kc=[products]p[reactants]rK_c = \frac{[products]^p}{[reactants]^r}

Compute Kc from equilibrium concentrations and stoichiometric coefficients.…

🧮 ICE Table Helper (1:1 reaction)

x=Kc[A]0−[B]01+Kcx = \frac{K_c[A]_0 - [B]_0}{1 + K_c}

Solve equilibrium concentrations for A ⇌ B from initial concentrations and Kc.…

🧮 Reaction Quotient Calculator — Q

Q=[products]p[reactants]rQ = \frac{[products]^p}{[reactants]^r}

Compute Q from current concentrations to see which way a reaction will shift.…

flask States of Matter & Gases

🧮 Combined Gas Law Calculator — P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

P1V1T1=P2V2T2\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}

Find the new pressure, volume, or temperature of a fixed amount of gas.…

🧮 Gas Density Calculator — d = PM/RT

d=PMRTd = \frac{PM}{RT}

Find a gas's density from its pressure, molar mass, and temperature.…

🧮 Ideal Gas Law Calculator — PV = nRT

PV=nRTPV = nRT

Solve for pressure, volume, moles, or temperature of a gas behaving ideally.…

🧮 Molar Volume Calculator — Vₘ = V/n

Vm=VnV_m = \frac{V}{n}

Find the volume occupied by one mole of gas under given conditions.…

🧮 Partial Pressure Calculator — Pᵢ = XᵢP

Pi=XiPtotalP_i = X_i P_{total}

Find a gas's partial pressure from its mole fraction and the total pressure.…

flask General Chemistry

🧮 Empirical Formula Helper — mole ratio from percent composition

mole ratio=%A/AA%B/ABmole\ ratio = \frac{\%A / A_A}{\%B / A_B}

Turn percent composition into a mole ratio to work out a compound's empirical formula.…

🧮 Limiting Reactant Calculator

capacity=ncoefficientcapacity = \frac{n}{coefficient}

Compare mole-to-coefficient ratios to find the limiting reactant and leftover excess.…

🧮 Molar Mass Calculator — M = m/n

M=mnM = \frac{m}{n}

Find the molar mass of a pure substance from a measured sample mass and its amount in moles.…

🧮 Moles to Mass Converter

n=mMn = \frac{m}{M}

Convert between grams and moles when the molar mass is already known.…

🧮 Particles to Moles Calculator — N = n·Nₐ

n=NNAn = \frac{N}{N_A}

Convert between particle counts and moles using Avogadro's constant.…

🧮 Percent Composition Calculator

% element=atoms×atomic massmolar mass×100\%\ element = \frac{atoms \times atomic\ mass}{molar\ mass} \times 100

Find an element's mass percent in a compound from its atom count and molar masses.…

🧮 Percent Yield Calculator

% yield=actualtheoretical×100\%\ yield = \frac{actual}{theoretical} \times 100

Compare actual yield to theoretical yield to find reaction efficiency as a percent.…

🧮 Theoretical Yield Calculator

mproduct=nLR×coeffPcoeffR×MPm_{product} = n_{LR} \times \frac{coeff_P}{coeff_R} \times M_P

Predict the maximum product mass from the limiting reactant using stoichiometry.…

flask Chemical Kinetics

🧮 Arrhenius Equation Calculator — k = Ae^(−Ea/RT)

k=Ae−Ea/RTk = Ae^{-E_a/RT}

Find a rate constant from the pre-exponential factor, activation energy, and temperature.…

🧮 Half-Life Calculator — t½ = ln2/k

t1/2=ln⁡2kt_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{k}

Relate the half-life and rate constant of a first-order process.…

🧮 Rate Law Calculator — rate = k[A]ᵐ[B]ⁿ

rate=k[A]m[B]nrate = k[A]^m[B]^n

Compute a reaction rate from the rate constant, concentrations, and reaction orders.…

flask Math for Chemistry

🧮 Scientific Notation Calculator

(a×10m)(b×10n)=ab×10m+n(a\times10^m)(b\times10^n) = ab\times10^{m+n}

Multiply or divide numbers written in scientific notation (a×10^m).…

🧮 Significant Figures ↔ Uncertainty Estimator

% uncertainty≈5010n−1\%\ uncertainty \approx \frac{50}{10^{n-1}}

Relate a measurement's significant-figure count to its approximate relative uncertainty.…

🧮 Molarity ↔ ppm Converter (dilute aqueous)

ppm=M(mol/L)×M(g/mol)×1000ppm = M(mol/L) \times M(g/mol) \times 1000

Convert between molarity and parts-per-million for dilute water solutions.…

flask Solutions & Solubility

🧮 Dilution Calculator — M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

M1V1=M2V2M_1V_1 = M_2V_2

Find the final concentration or required volumes when diluting a stock solution.…

🧮 Mass Percent Calculator

% solute=msolutemsolution×100\%\ solute = \frac{m_{solute}}{m_{solution}} \times 100

Find the mass percent of a solute in a solution from component masses.…

🧮 Molality Calculator — m = n/kg solvent

m=nkg solventm = \frac{n}{kg\ solvent}

Find molality from moles of solute and kilograms of solvent.…

🧮 Molarity Calculator — M = n/V

M=nVM = \frac{n}{V}

Find molarity, moles of solute, or solution volume for a prepared solution.…

🧮 Solution Stoichiometry Calculator

mP=MRVRcoeffPcoeffRMPm_P = M_R V_R \frac{coeff_P}{coeff_R} M_P

Go from solution concentration and volume straight to product mass via the mole ratio.…

flask Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

🧮 Calorimetry Calculator — q = CΔT

q=CΔTq = C\Delta T

Find heat exchanged using a calorimeter's heat capacity and measured temperature change.…

🧮 Reaction Enthalpy Calculator — ΔH° from formation enthalpies

ΔH∘=ΣΔHf(products)−ΣΔHf(reactants)\Delta H^\circ = \Sigma\Delta H_f(products) - \Sigma\Delta H_f(reactants)

Compute standard reaction enthalpy from summed formation enthalpies of products and reactants.…

🧮 Gibbs Free Energy Calculator — ΔG = ΔH − TΔS

ΔG=ΔH−TΔS\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S

Predict reaction spontaneity from enthalpy, entropy, and absolute temperature.…

🧮 Heat Transfer Calculator — q = mcΔT

q=mcΔTq = mc\Delta T

Find heat absorbed or released from mass, specific heat, and temperature change.…