Equivalence Point
Definition
The moment in a titration when exactly enough titrant has been added to react with all the analyte: the theoretical perfect-completion point.
Technical definition
The equivalence point is the point in a titration at which stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of titrant and analyte have combined. Its pH depends on the titration type: pH 7 for strong-strong, above 7 for weak acid with strong base, below 7 for strong acid with weak base.
Example
In a weak-acid/strong-base titration, the equivalence point pH is above 7 because the conjugate base of the weak acid makes OH- by hydrolysis.
Common confusion
Equivalence point does not mean neutral pH. Only strong acid plus strong base titrations hit pH 7 at equivalence; the salt formed in other titrations shifts the pH.